Determining the Antidiabetic Effect of Nanoliposomal Metformin on Pancreatic tissueTissue in Male Albino Rats Induced with Diabetes by Alloxan

Background: One of the most important treatments for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is metformin. This drug primarily works by preventing the pancreas from producing glucose, which leads to reduced fasting glucose levels. Nanolipid technology was used to enhance the action of metformin. Nanotechnology, such as Nano-lipid, is a unique approach that can effectively boost the topical delivery of medications without changing their molecular structure. This study aims: to determine the harmful side effects of metformin and its efficacy against diabetes induced by alloxan in adult male albino rats. Methods: Using the nanolipid technique after loading metformin onto nanoscale lipids (structured nanolipids). The loading was confirmed through several tests, including entrapment efficiency, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experiment was conducted at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University in the college's animal house. Fifty adult male albino rats weighing between 200 and 250 grams were used to determine the effect of metformin on liver cell tissue. The rats were divided into five groups: the first group received no drug, the second group was given alloxan (150 mg/kg) only, the third group received only nanoliposomal formulation without any drug, the fourth group was given alloxan with nanoliposomal metformin, and the fifth group received metformin (500 mg) along with alloxan. Results: The fourth group (Aloxan + fatty metformin nano) exhibited considerable recovery, with minimal changes in pancreatic islets, suggesting the effectiveness of lipid nanotechnology in preserving pancreatic function. Similarly, the fifth group (Aloxan + metformin 500 mg/kg) showed significant improvement, aligning with previous research findings. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential of nanotechnology-based treatments, particularly lipid nanoformin, in mitigating Aloxan-induced pancreatic damage and restoring islet cell integrity.