Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly impacts global health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of chitosan nanoparticles loaded alcoholic basil extract against diabetes mellitus in rats. Forty-two adult male rats were divided into six groups, with seven rats in each group. Group one (Control negative). The other five groups were induced with diabetic mellitus using alloxan at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Group two (Control positive). Group three (empagliflozin) at a dose of 25 mg/kg, group four (Nano chitosan) at a dose of 250 mg/kg. While group five (basil seed alcoholic extract) at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Finally, group six (Nanoparticle-basil seed extract) at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Treatments were given orally for 21 days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture to obtain serum for measuring the parameters of the present study. The induction of diabetes mellitus in groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 was evidenced by increased blood glucose levels. Post-treatment, groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed a decrease in glucose concentration compared to the control positive, with all treated groups exhibiting reduced cholesterol levels. The study concluded that the use of basil seed extract combined with Nano-chitosan positively impacts blood sugar reduction and decreases low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels while increasing HDL and improving lipid profile levels. The use of Nano-chitosan or basil seed extract alone was less effective compared to the nanoparticle basil seed extract
AL-khazaali et al. (Mon,) studied this question.