Investigating the role of Citrus sinensis, curcumin, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes as adjuncts to mechanical plaque control in the treatment of gingivitis: A randomized clinical study

Background: Gingivitis, caused by plaque buildup, is reversible with timely plaque removal. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, affecting deeper supporting tissues. Mouthwashes aid in reducing bacterial load, inflammation, and promoting healing, especially after scaling and root planing. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial and clinical effectiveness of three mouthwashes– Citrus sinensis , curcumin, and chlorhexidine (CHX)–as adjuncts to mechanical plaque control against Prophyromonas gingivalis . Materials and Methods: A total of 48 patients were randomly assigned into three groups for a 14-day study. Each group received one of the mouthwashes. Clinical parameters–bleeding index (BI), plaque index, and patient hygiene performance index (PHPI)–were assessed at baseline, day 7, and day 14. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each mouthwash was also determined. Results: All groups showed significant improvements from baseline to day 7, with comparatively smaller changes from day 7 to day 14. Intergroup comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in the BI and PHPI. Conclusion: C. sinensis and curcumin mouthwashes demonstrated comparable efficacy to CHX. Although curcumin had lower patient acceptability, both can be considered viable alternatives to CHX for maintaining periodontal health.