Superficial Radiation Therapy in Keloid Management

Background Keloids are pathological scars that result due to prolonged inflammation and dysregulation in normal wound healing processes. Treatment options include both surgical and nonsurgical options. Superficial radiation therapy (SRT), a low‐energy form of radiation used to treat keloids and nonmelanoma skin cancers, has recently been reconsidered as an adjuvant treatment following keloid excision. This review aims to explore current literature on the role of SRT in keloid treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes. Methods A literature search was conducted via PubMed to review pathophysiology and current treatment methods for keloids and efficacy of SRT. Peer‐reviewed research articles were investigated to highlight its uses in the field. Results Numerous studies and clinical outcomes highlight the efficacy of SRT in reducing recurrence rates after surgical intervention. While consensus guidelines were established to determine dosing protocols in 2019, there is still conflicting evidence about duration of treatment, recommended dose, radiation, and units of gray (Gy) for different anatomical sites. Additionally, there is some concern regarding side effects, such as hyperpigmentation, radiation‐induced dermatitis, and wound healing difficulties. Conclusion SRT has proven to be an extremely promising treatment method for keloids as a form of adjuvant therapy to surgery. This review highlights the need for further clinical studies to further develop therapeutic outcomes and universal guidelines.