To Study the Clinical Characteristics, Management and Outcomes in Patients of Necrotising Fasciitis With and Without Diabetes Mellitus

This prospective cohort study was conducted with the objective of studying the clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). The research aimed to evaluate management strategies, morbidity, and mortality rates, focusing on the distinct bacteriological profiles of both cohorts. This study was conducted over 12 months period at the Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, involving 84 patients, categorized into two groups: those with DM and those without. NF was more prevalent in males, and in both groups, the lower extremities were predominantly affected. Notably, diabetic patients required more frequent surgical debridements and experienced longer hospital stays (14.52 days compared to 7.57 days for non-diabetics). The study concludes that DM significantly impacts NF severity and treatment, necessitating more intensive management and a multidisciplinary approach, emphasizing early diagnosis and strict glycemic control to improve patient outcomes. Summary: This study explores the differences in outcomes of Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF) between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. NF, a critical soft tissue infection, exhibits a higher severity and poorer prognosis in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The research involved 84 patients, equally divided into two groups, assessing demographics, clinical features, microbiological profiles, management approaches, and treatment outcomes. Results indicated that diabetic patients had a higher mean age, longer hospital stays, and a greater incidence of severe infections, along with increased rates of polymicrobial infections. Additionally, diabetic individuals exhibited a higher prevalence of complications and a lower rate of successful healing compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis, tailored treatment, and strict glycemic control in improving NF outcomes among diabetic patients. Future research should focus on adjunctive therapies and developing specific risk assessment models for this population.