Porphyridium purpureum culture extract as an ecologically safe agent against PM2.5 - induced skin toxicity

Seaweed derivatives have demonstrated various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. Porphyridium purpureum (P. purpureum) polysaccharide were analyzed for their composition and barrier and antipruritic effects in a model of particulate matter (PM)-stimulated HaCaT cell injury. The results showed that the P. purpureum crude polysaccharide is mainly composed of mannose, glucose, fucose, xylose, galactose, and other monosaccharides. P. purpureum crude polysaccharide significantly suppressed PAR-2 receptor activation by inhibiting its mRNA expression and downstream Ca²⁺ signaling, thereby reducing TSLP release and NFAT1 nuclear translocation in PM2.5-stimulated HaCaT cells.Activation of protease-activated receptor 2 receptors alleviated nucleoplasmic translocation of NFAT1 protein by lowering the concentration of Ca2+ and reducing expression of skin itchiness markers in HaCaT cells induced by PM2.5. P. purpureum crude polysaccharide significantly improved the expression levels of filaggrin (FLG) and involucrin (INV) proteins and promoted intercellular migration in PM2.5-induced HaCaT cells, alleviating PM2.5-induced damage to the skin barrier. It also alleviates the production of LDH after cellular stimulation. Therefore, P. purpureum crude polysaccharide can inhibit PM2.5-induced skin itching and have great potential to protect the skin barrier.