Intra- and inter-regional neural activity synchronizations drive rsfMRI network dynamics upon single thalamic input

Motivation: Understanding large-scale network dynamics that facilitate neural information processing can unravel the complexities of brain networks and their functions. Goal(s): We posit that dissecting neural underpinnings of rsfMRI dynamics and their reconfiguration upon neural activity input will provide a mechanistic understanding of how brain networks support information processing. Approach: We deployed simultaneous electrophysiology-rsfMRI measurements to examine neural bases underlying rsfMRI network dynamics before and upon single-pulse optogenetic stimulation of the thalamus. Results: We revealed that the rsfMRI network dynamics and their instant reconfigurations were directly driven by distinct within- and between-network neural activity synchronizations across specific time and frequency windows. Impact: Our results provide the first direct delineation and validation of rsfMRI network dynamics that enable prompt and flexible network reconfiguration to facilitate effective processing of any neural information input.