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September 17, 2025SensorsOpen Access

Combined Use of Electroencephalography and Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: A Systematic Review

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Authors

PAPasquale ArpaïaACAnna Della CalceLMLucrezia Di Marino

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Overview

This review demonstrates the application of EEG in assessing tES interventions in varied populations, highlighting potential implications.

Key Points

  • EEG-informed tES protocols show potential, despite limited use of real-time closed-loop systems in research.
  • Quality assessments reveal a general lack of methodological rigor across many studies, impacting reproducibility.
  • Integration of EEG both pre and post-tES is variable among studies, reflecting heterogeneity in protocols.
  • Despite structured approaches, many studies report non-significant EEG changes, raising questions about clinical relevance.

Cite This Study

Arpaïa et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d45b2931b076d99fa5d86bhttps://doi.org/10.3390/s25185773
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