Influence of the Material and Mass of Cold Ingots on Parameters of Their Heating for Forging

High-quality heating of cold ingots for forging should include several heating periods in the furnace: the initial one, which should eliminate the occurrence of unacceptably high temperature stresses in the ingot in the elastic region and thereby prevent the formation of cracks; a heating period in which the maximum furnace power is used to quickly heat the metal surface to the forging temperature; and a heating period in which the temperature is equalized along the cross-section of the ingot to reduce the banding structure and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the forged metal. To this end, using the MathConnex mathematical package (part of MathCad Pro), a six-stage temperature regime for heating ingots weighing 3; 13.3; 31.75; 79.19 and 170.6 tons made of steel 20X20H14X2, 30KHN3A and 20 is developed. The paper presents a study of the effect of the mass of the ingot and its maximum diameter under the profit on the temperature of the rider; the influence of the maximum furnace temperature on the temperature field in the ingot in front of the melting zone, the total heating time and the time in various zones of the furnace, including the melting zone, responsible for the formation of the required temperature range (max 50 ° C) over the ingot section before forging.