A study of middle school STEM lessons through the lens of universal design for learning

Purpose This study aims to investigate the extent to which publicly available middle school science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) lesson plans address the needs of diverse students through the universal design for learning (UDL) framework. Given the growing demand for STEM competencies and the persistent achievement gaps stemming from insufficient early preparation, this research highlights the need for inclusive and engaging STEM curricula beginning in middle school. Design/methodology/approach This study examined a sample of 6th–8th grade STEM lessons collected from online public databases to assess how well these lessons meet the needs of diverse students. A quantitative content analysis was conducted to study how the components of each lesson either support or hinder the participation and engagement of students with varying needs. Findings The analysis revealed that while some lessons demonstrated elements of UDL, most lacked consistent application across all three UDL principles. The representation principle was particularly underused. Practical implications Teachers and curriculum developers should consider applying UDL principles more intentionally when designing STEM lessons, particularly those intended for free public use. Incorporating these principles may enhance accessibility and engagement for all students. Originality/value This study contributes to the limited research on the intersection of STEM education and UDL at the middle school level. This offers valuable insights for improving instructional design and calls for broader, more inclusive approaches to curriculum development in STEM education.