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Discusses current realities of advances with ECMO (Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation) and hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation devices, though nomenclature and use differentiates the various systems. "Cardiopulmonary bypass" is a means of diverting blood flow that is returning to the heart and avoiding the heart and the lungs. This process is used during heart surgery and allows for a still operative field for the surgeon. Cardiopulmonary bypass is typically used for people who are having coronary artery bypass grafting or heart valve replacement
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