This research demonstrates a novel approach to generate perfect Poincaré beams using integrated metasurfaces with VCSELs, enabling new functionalities.
Perfect Poincaré beams (PPBs) are structured light fields, featuring constant beam size independent of topological charge, rich spin/orbital angular momentum (SAM/OAM), and complex polarization distributions, finding applications in optical communications, manipulation, and nonlinear optics. However, conventional PPBs generation methods rely on multiple bulky, alignment-sensitive optics, limiting both the efficiency and scalability of the system. To overcome these challenges, we present on-chip generation of PPBs with versatile functionalities by spin decoupling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) using monolithically integrated metasurfaces. Our method enables direct generation of PPBs with on-demand OAM, polarization order, and output angles at the chip level, eliminating the need for discrete optical components, external laser sources, and their associated alignment requirements. It thereby provides a robust, scalable solution for PPB generation that is seamlessly compatible with existing photonic PPB sources in quantum information processing, super-resolution imaging, and high-dimensional optical communications.
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Wu et al. (2025) studied this question.
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