AI-driven liquid biopsies and microbiome dynamics: Revolutionizing cancer monitoring through multi-omics integration

Imagine a world where cancer is detected and monitored with a simple blood draw, guided by artificial intelligence (AI) that decodes the intricate dance of tumor cells, microbial communities, and molecular signals—a revolution is here. This review unveils the transformative potential of AI-driven liquid biopsies and microbiome dynamics, redefining cancer monitoring through multi-omics integration. By harnessing circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, and microbial biomarkers in biological fluids, liquid biopsies offer a non-invasive window into tumor heterogeneity and therapeutic responses, surpassing traditional biopsies. The microbiome, encompassing gut and tumor-resident bacteria, emerges as a pivotal modulator of oncogenesis and treatment efficacy, with AI unlocking its secrets through advanced algorithms like graph neural networks. Integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, this approach achieves unprecedented diagnostic precision, detecting cancers like colorectal, lung, and pancreatic with up to 95% accuracy, while guiding personalized therapies. Beyond human oncology, these technologies transform veterinary care, reducing invasive procedures in canine and bovine cancers, and inform environmental health by tracking toxin-induced microbial changes. Despite challenges like data heterogeneity, standardization, and ethical concerns, solutions such as cloud-based platforms and interpretable AI models are paving the way for global accessibility. Future directions, including spatial multi-omics and cross-species translation, promise to further revolutionize precision oncology. Bridging chemistry, medicine, biomedical science, animal science, computer science, biology, and microbiology, this article captivates researchers, clinicians, and policymakers worldwide, offering a visionary blueprint for a new era in cancer care where AI and multi-omics converge to save lives across species and ecosystems.