Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on the Outcomes of Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients and Reduced Ejection Fraction

Background and Objectives: Heart disease and metabolic syndrome are two of the most common health problems in the world. In this study we aimed to assess the relationship between the presence of metabolic syndrome and in-hospital cardiogenic shock, mortality and severety of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional design, with a duration of 8 months, from March to October 2023, at Howler Teaching Hospital. We enrolled 104 adult patients aged 18 and above, both genders, 54 men and 50 women patients were categorized based on metabolic syndrome presence. All had clinical and echocardiographic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and metabolic syndrome was defined per International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: Metabolic syndrome reported in 56 (53.8%) of heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Cardiogenic shock was more common in individuals with metabolic syndrome 13 (23.2%) versus non metabolic syndrome 2 (4.2%), P< 0.006. High incidence of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction reported among patients with metabolic syndrome 47 (88.7%) versus non metabolic syndrome 9 (17.6%), P <0.01. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction increases the risk of poor outcomes; severe left ventricle systolic dysfunction and cardiogenic Shock.