The Effect of Autologous Fat Grafting on Scar Quality and Appearance

Background and objective: Scars not only impact individuals' well-being but also strain public healthcare systems, Therefore, there is a necessity for simpler and more effective scar treatment methods. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of autologous fat grafting on scar quality and appearance. Methods: This prospective study at the Burn and Plastic Surgery Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, from July 2021 to November 2023, included 20 patients aged 8-48 years with prominent scars. Fat was harvested from the abdomen primarily, processed by decantation or centrifugation, and injected into scars using a 2 mm cannula. Outcomes were assessed using the Vancouver Scar Scale at multiple postoperative intervals. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: This study evaluates the impact of fat grafting on scar quality using the Vancouver Scar Scale. Significant improvements were observed in pigmentation (P = 0.012) and pliability (P = 0.002), though vascularity (P = 0.17) and height (P = 0.15) did not show significant changes. Additionally, fat grafting markedly reduced pruritus (P = 0.019) but did not significantly impact pain levels (P = 0.18). The study shows an 80% increase in patient satisfaction after fat injection. Conclusion: The study found that autologous fat grafting is important for scar remodeling. It improves scar appearance, skin characteristics, volume, and contour. It also helps with symptoms like itching and pain. Autologous fat grafting has comprehensive benefits and can be an effective treatment for scars.