Balancing Business, IT, and Human Capital: RPA Integration and Governance Dynamics

In the era of rapid technological progress, Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has emerged as a pivotal tool across professional domains. Organizations pursue automation to boost efficiency and productivity, control costs, and reduce errors. RPA software automates repetitive, rules-based tasks previously performed by employees, and its effectiveness depends on integration across the business–IT–people interface. We adopted a mixed-methods study combining a PRISMA-guided multivocal review of peer-reviewed and gray sources with semi-structured practitioner interviews to capture firsthand insights and diverse perspectives. Triangulation of these phases examines RPA governance, auditing, and policy. The study clarifies the relationship between business processes and IT and offers guidance that supports procedural standardization, regulatory compliance, employee engagement, role clarity, and effective change management—thereby increasing the likelihood of successful RPA initiatives while prudently mitigating associated risks.