Exploring the influence of transporter gene polymorphisms on metformin efficacy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Background This review aims to systematically analyse the relationship between genetic polymorphisms in transporter genes and response to metformin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and utilized the Watase UAKE platform for literature selection. Word cloud analysis was performed using VOSviewer 1.6.20 on study keywords to visually provide an overview of the dominant research themes. Subsequently, a bibliometric analysis was carried out on the 21 selected articles to map the interconnections between transporter gene polymorphisms and metformin response. Results The bibliometric network analysis identified four major interconnected clusters in metformin-related polymorphisms: genetic factors, clinical outcomes, drug interactions, and population diversity. Additionally, non-genetic factors for instance diet, and lifestyle, also play important roles in modulating metformin therapy responses. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms significantly affected metformin response, thus demonstrating the importance of personalized treatment based on genetic profiles to improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize adverse effects of the drug usage.