Analysis of current trends and risk factors in child and adolescent mental disorders

This scientific review is devoted to the analysis of the prevalence and risk factors of mental disorders in children and adolescents. The review systematizes epidemiological data from different countries, including Russia, with an emphasis on regional specifics. The structure of mental pathology is analyzed, and the most common disorders (anxiety, behavioral, depressive) and a high level of comorbidity are identified. The review examines a wide range of biopsychosocial factors affecting the prevalence of psychiatric disorders: complications of pregnancy and childbirth, family factors (emotional instability of parents, family conflicts), socio-economic status, school environment, and the impact of social change and information technology. The paper includes an analysis of data on the dynamics of morbidity in different countries and discusses the availability of psychiatric care and the problems of diagnosis and registration of cases. The review highlights the high social significance of the problem and the need for an integrated approach to its solution, including the development of preventive strategies and improvement of the system of early diagnosis and correction of mental disorders.