Integrating One Health Approaches into AMR Global Surveillance and Control

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a profound global health challenge that transcends traditional boundaries of human, animal, and environmental health. The One Health framework, which emphasizes integrated surveillance and collaborative interventions across these domains, has emerged as a critical strategy for addressing AMR at its roots. This review synthesizes the current state of One Health-based AMR surveillance and control, beginning with the scientific rationale and historical emergence of the approach. It highlights global initiatives, such as the WHO’s Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS), the FAO, WOAH, and UNEP quadripartite collaboration, alongside regional case studies from The Netherlands, Thailand, and Ghana. The analysis underscores both the challenges including infrastructural limitations, governance and funding barriers, data interoperability issues, and socio-cultural practices and the opportunities offered by genomic surveillance, AI-driven modeling, wastewater monitoring, and international funding mechanisms. The paper further outlines a roadmap for operationalizing One Health, emphasizing workforce capacity building, stewardship alignment across human and veterinary medicine, community engagement, and sustainable integration of technological innovations. Finally, it calls for stronger international cooperation, including the consideration of a global AMR treaty, to reinforce One Health as an indispensable paradigm for unified and effective AMR control worldwide.