Plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering: basic principle, design strategies and challenges

Surface plasmonics studies the collective oscillations of electrons in materials following excitation by light and related evanescent wave properties under near-field coupling. Due to the advantages of near-field enhancement, wavelength tunability, and overcoming the band gap limitation on the absorption wavelength, surface plasmonics is considered promising for broad developments in optoelectronics. Over the past decade, surface plasmon phenomena have been used in various technologies, for example photodetectors. This review discusses the physical models, role of waveguides, carrier dynamics and energy transfer modes of plasmons, particularly the structure and working principle of state-of-the-art plasmon photodetectors, with the aim of delving into the underlying mechanisms. In addition, we summarize recent developments in simulation techniques and detection methods in plasmonic photoelectric detection engineering. Finally, we present the latest progress, future prospects and remaining challenges associated with plasmon enhanced photodetection.