Influenza Immunization During Pregnancy as a Strategy for Maternal and Neonatal Protection: Benefits, Safety and Clinical Recommendations

Influenza infection during gestation presents considerable hazards to both the mother and the fetus, including heightened hospitalization rates, severe respiratory problems, and negative newborn outcomes. Influenza vaccination is strongly advised as an efficacious prophylactic strategy to mitigate these hazards. This article evaluates the existing evidence regarding the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of influenza vaccines given during pregnancy. We examine the dual protective effect for both the mother and the newborn, highlighting the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies and the resulting passive immunity during early infancy. Furthermore, we examine clinical guidelines from prominent health organizations, highlighting the significance of vaccination scheduling and methods to enhance vaccine acceptance among pregnant women. Our findings endorse influenza vaccination as an essential public health measure to safeguard the health of women and babies, and advocate for heightened awareness and implementation in prenatal care environments. Focus was directed on areas necessitating additional research and enhancements in clinical practice. Aim of the study: The proportion of vaccinated pregnant women remains inadequate. Raising awareness of the possible health advantages of influenza vaccination for pregnant women and their developing fetuses is crucial. The significance of healthcare personnel is emphasized, and ways to improve pregnant women's awareness of the safety and benefits of vaccines during pregnancy are discussed. Materials and methods: A review of the literature available in the PubMed and Google Scholar database was performed, using the key words: „influenza”, „vaccine”, „pregnancy”, „pregnant woman”, „maternal vaccination”, „infant”.