A Study to Compare the Outcomes of the Early vs Late Intestinal Stoma Closure in Selective Group of Patients

Background: Temporary intestinal stomas are commonly created during gastrointestinal surgeries to protect distal anastomoses and reduce morbidity from anastomotic leakage. However, the optimal timing for stoma closure—early (<14 days) or late (3–6 months)—remains a topic of debate. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes associated with early versus late stoma closure. Material and Methods: A prospective, randomized control trial was conducted on 110 patients, aged 18–60 years who underwent laparotomy and temporary intestinal stoma formation at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College, Moradabad. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (early closure, n=55) and Group B (late closure, n=55). Outcomes assessed included complications such as skin excoriation, prolapse, retraction, parastomal hernia, electrolyte imbalance, surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, hospital stay, and mortality. Follow-ups were conducted at 4 weeks and 3 months post-closure. Results: Both groups were comparable in demographics and diagnosis. Early closure demonstrated a trend towards fewer stoma-related complications, including a lower incidence of skin excoriation (10.9% vs. 12.7%), retraction (0% vs. 7.3%), and parastomal hernia (0% vs. 10.9%). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of surgical site infections, electrolyte imbalance, anastomotic leaks, or length of hospital stay. No mortality was observed in either group. Conclusion: Early stoma closure appears to be a safe and feasible alternative to delayed closure in selected patients, with a tendency toward reduced morbidity and improved quality of life. Larger, multicentric studies are warranted to validate these findings and establish definitive clinical guidelines.