Retrospective analysis reveals high rates of low birth weight and growth restriction among neonates, indicating the influence of maternal nutrition in conflict-affected areas.
Abstract Background: Low birth weight (LBW) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, with amplified prevalence in conflict-affected regions. Maternal malnutrition, inadequate antenatal care, and exposure to armed conflict are significant contributors to adverse neonatal outcomes. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed 1,336 normal vaginal deliveries at Nasser Medical Complex from April to June 2025. Maternal age ranged from 20 to 35 years. LBW was defined as birth weight below 2,500 g, and IUGR as birth weight below the expected range for gestational age. Maternal nutritional status, anemia, antenatal care attendance, and gravidity were evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 26. Results: Among all deliveries, 115 neonates (8.6%) were classified as LBW, and 93 (7.0%) as IUGR. A majority of affected neonates were born to primigravida women. Maternal malnutrition and microcytic hypochromic anemia were prevalent. LBW and IUGR incidence increased progressively from April to June 2025. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the monthly distribution and maternal factor associations. Conclusion: Growth restriction, rather than prematurity, was the primary contributor to LBW and IUGR. Findings emphasize the role of maternal nutrition, antenatal care quality, and conflict-related stress on fetal growth in Gaza.
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Shnena et al. (2025) studied this question.
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