Glass Fiber Post Pretreated with Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate, Toluidine Blue Activated Low-Level Laser Therapy, and Bioactive Glass: An In Vitro Analysis of SEM, Bond Strength, and Surface Roughness

To evaluate the impact of different surface treatment regimens, Neodymium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Nd: YVO4) laser, Toluidine blue (TB) activated Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), and Bioactive glass particles (BAGPs) on the surface roughness (Ra), surface morphology, and bond strength (BS) of Glass fiber posts (GFP) bonded to canal dentin. Forty single human rooted incisors with a closed apex were included. The endodontic treatment was performed, followed by post space preparation. Fifty-six GFP were sorted into four categories based on the conditioning method used (n = 14). Group 1: H2O2, Group 2: Nd: YVO4 laser, Group 3: TB-LLLT, and Group 4: BAGPs. Surface Ra and topographic changes were identified using a profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Post cementation was executed by utilizing self-adhesive resin cement. Analysis of BS and fracture pattern was performed using a universal testing machine and a stereomicroscope, respectively. Variance analysis with Tukey’s test was used to compare Ra and BS between the study groups at different root sections (p < 0.05). Group 2 (Nd: YVO4 laser) displayed the highest Ra scores (1051.54 ± 0.087 µm) and BS at all thirds. Whereas Group 3 TB-activated LLLT exhibited the lowest outcomes of Ra (539.39 ± 0.091) and BS at all three sections. Comparison among the investigated groups displayed that Group 1 (H2O2) and Group 2 Nd: YVO4 exhibited comparable outcomes of Ra and BS (p ˃ 0.05). Nd: YVO4 laser has the potential to roughen the surface of GFP, thereby enhancing its BS to resin cement