The current review explores the novel subjects in microbial biotechnology and its fundamental impact on fostering a sustainable bioeconomy, illustrating the unique resilience of microorganisms (MOs) in degrading various pollutants and transforming agricultural waste into valuable products. It highlights how MOs can be harnessed for environmental cleanup, particularly in bioremediation efforts that utilize their natural capabilities to detoxify soil and water contaminated by industrial activities. The article discusses innovative strategies such as microbial valorization of agrowastes, which not only mitigates pollution but also contributes to the circular economy via converting waste into bioproducts like biofuels, enzymes, and fertilizers. Furthermore, it covers advancements in microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which leverage the energy-producing potential of specific bacteria to generate electricity from organic matter. This technology represents a magnificent solution to the global energy crisis while addressing waste management challenges. Additionally, this review underscores the importance of understanding microbial acclimatization processes and custom-engineering microbes to enhance their efficiency in diverse environments. Overall, this work advocates for integrating microbial biotechnology into sustainable practices, aiming for a cleaner environment and a more resilient economy.
Hussein et al. (2025) studied this question.