Efficacy and safety of transumbilical laparoendoscopic single site surgery for mid-pregnancy ovarian cyst torsion: a retrospective analysis

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transumbilical laparoendoscopic single site surgery (TU-LESS) in treating mid-pregnancy ovarian cyst torsion. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 54 mid-pregnancy patients who underwent open surgery for ovarian cyst torsion repositioning and cystectomy, and 31 patients who underwent TU-LESS at Qinghai Red Cross Hospital between January 2020 and January 2025. Key parameters analyzed included operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, hospital stay, postoperative first flatus time, preoperative and postoperative fetal heart rates, pregnancy outcomes, and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of baseline characteristics such as age, BMI, tumor diameter, number of deliveries, history of pelvic surgery, pregnancy duration, duration of abdominal pain, or preoperative fetal heart rate. The TU-LESS group had significantly shorter operative times compared to the laparotomy group. No significant differences were observed in tumor pathology, intraoperative blood loss, or number of tumor ruptures. The TU-LESS group experienced shorter hospital stays, fewer postoperative complications, and lower VAS scores at 48 h post-operation compared to the laparotomy group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of time to first flatus, postoperative fetal heart rates, and VAS scores at 24 h post-operation. Conclusion TU-LESS is a safe and feasible surgical method for treating mid-pregnancy ovarian cyst torsion and plays an important role in protecting maternal and fetal safety.