Study on toxicity of residual quantities of dishwashing detergent on white rats

Incorrect use of detergents, despite the relative safety of their individual components, can have an adverse effect on humans. The toxicity of residual quantities of detergent was studied on rats with its intragastric administration in doses of 2.5Ц0.0025 mg/kg per day for 3 months. The doses were selected taking into account the permissible content of surfactants in water (0.5 mg/l). After 3 months, the rat blood serum was analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholinesterase, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), triglycerides, and phospholipids. The liver was histologically examined, internal organs were pathomorphologically examined, and their mass coefficients were determined. The detergent in the maximum tested doses of 2.5 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg caused an increase in ALT activity and changes in lipid metabolism: the detergent in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg caused a decrease in LDL and HDL, while in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg it caused only a decrease in HDL. Histopathological studies revealed destruction of the blood vessel walls, for all groups in varying degrees of severity. Signs of protein dystrophy and minor cicatricial changes of the liver predominated in rats that received the detergent in the highest doses (2.5 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg).