Analysis of Heavy Metals in Industrial Wastewater Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)

This study focuses on the quantitative analysis of heavy metals in industrial wastewater using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The primary objective was to assess the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) in wastewater samples from a manufacturing facility in Chennai, India, and evaluate the effectiveness of the local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in mitigating these contaminants. The research design involved a cross-sectional observational study with 30 samples collected from the inlet and outlet points of the WWTP over a six-month period. The results revealed significant levels of heavy metals, often exceeding regulatory limits. The WWTP demonstrated a reduction efficiency of 18.53% for Pb, but showed negative reduction efficiencies for Cd, Cr, and Hg, indicating potential inadequacies in the treatment process. Correlation analysis suggested common contamination sources for Pb and Cr. The findings underscore the need for improved treatment technologies, stringent regulatory enforcement, and public awareness to mitigate environmental and health risks. This study contributes valuable data on heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater in India, filling a significant literature gap and highlighting the necessity for enhanced wastewater treatment and environmental protection measures.