From Ethane to Ethylene: A Review of Vanadium‐ and Molybdenum‐Containing Catalysts for Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) to ethylene is a critical reaction in the petrochemical industry, driven by the need for efficient and sustainable production methods. This review article examines advancements in vanadium‐ and molybdenum‐containing catalysts for ODHE, focusing on their unique properties, advantages, and limitations. The key factors of the ODHE process include catalyst composition, structure, and reaction conditions. The performance evaluation of vanadium‐containing and molybdenum‐containing catalysts highlights the trade‐offs between ethane conversion rates and selectivity towards ethylene. Notably, while molybdenum‐containing catalysts exhibit higher conversion efficiencies, vanadium‐containing catalysts achieve superior selectivity under optimized conditions. Furthermore, the integration of life‐cycle assessments and cost analyses is explored to evaluate the environmental impact and economic feasibility of various ODHE technologies. The article emphasizes the necessity for future research to develop robust catalysts, tailor their structures, improve stability, and optimize reaction conditions. By combining innovative catalyst design with sustainability assessments, this review aims to contribute to advancing efficient and environmentally friendly ODHE processes, ultimately enhancing the viability of ethylene production in a rapidly evolving industry.