Fractional-Order Modeling of a Multistable Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

We propose a novel mathematical model of a multistable erbium-doped fiber laser based on Caputo fractional derivative equations. The model is used to investigate how the laser dynamics evolves as the derivative order is varied. Our results demonstrate that the fractional-order formulation provides a more accurate description of the experimentally observed laser dynamics compared to conventional integer-order models. This study highlights the importance of fractional calculus in modeling complex nonlinear photonic systems and offers new insights into the dynamics of multistable lasers.