Longitudinal analysis shows a bidirectional association between body dysmorphic symptoms, body image inflexibility, and appearance-related safety behaviors.
Objectives Previous studies and theories have shown a bidirectional association between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms, body image inflexibility, and appearance-related safety behaviors. Most previous studies are cross-sectional studies, lacking longitudinal studies. We aimed to explore the roles of body image inflexibility and appearance-related safety behaviors in BDD symptoms through a longitudinal study.
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Huang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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