A study of the collision derailment behaviour of trains based on rail vehicle collision dynamics

The derailment behaviour of trains following a collision is a critical factor in driving safety. This paper builds upon the existing train collision dynamics model by integrating a finite-length Euler beam track model with elastic point support and a wheel-rail interaction solver. It employs a modified explicit double-step method for computation. The enhanced model and algorithm are utilized to examine train derailment post-collision. A specialized program for collision calculations is developed, with its accuracy and stability confirmed through comparison with finite element analyses. In determining train derailment, the dynamic model adopts a criterion from finite element simulations. It sets a threshold where the lifting height of at least two wheelsets on the same vehicle must not exceed 50% of the nominal flange height, and these wheelsets must not be on the same bogie. The model further investigates the impact of four factors on derailment behaviour in a collision: initial vertical height difference, lateral displacement, initial pitch angle, and initial yaw angle, across various speeds. This research offers significant insights into enhancing the safety measures against train collision derailments.