Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Blending Into Natural Gas Systems

Hydrogen (H2) integration into Methane (CH4) fuel blends presents a promising pathway for reducing carbon emissions in industrial gas turbines. However, its impact on compressor-turbine performance remains underexplored. This study investigates the thermodynamic behavior of CH4-H2 mixtures in a gas turbine system, evaluating fuel blends with H2 concentrations ranging from 10% to 90%. Non-ideal gas behaviors were modeled using the Van der Waals (VdW), Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK), and Helmholtz free energy Equations of State (HEOS) across the Brayton Cycle. Results indicate that modest H2 blending is feasible within existing gas turbine architectures, offering increased net power output while maintaining manageable thermal conditions. Simulation of the Siemens SGT-100 turbine model suggests significant thermodynamic potential. However, higher H2 concentrations elevate combustor exit temperatures which poses challenges for turbine blade material integrity and efficiency. Additionally, a 5%–7% pressure drop across the combustor was observed, leading to minor reductions in turbine expansion potential and net power output. While H2-enriched fuel blends present substantial decarbonization potential, their implementation requires addressing thermal stress, material limitations, and pressure losses to ensure long-term turbine efficiency and reliability. With proper system modifications, Hydrogen can serve as a viable, near-zero-emission fuel alternative for gas turbines, contributing to sustainable power generation.