Research reveals coherent ground mode emission in vcsels, indicating unique thermodynamic behavior.
A new operation regime of VCSELs is observed: the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of photons. We obtained coherent ground mode emission from the fundamental mode of a broad-area (23-µm diameter) VCSEL and a spectrum following the predictions of thermodynamic theory. Moreover, in very broad-area (80-µm diameter) VCSELs, we observed inhomogeneous emission and found signatures of the coexistence of conventional photon lasing and thermalised photon gas at different positions.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Pieczarka et al. (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: