Phase Diversity Wavefront Sensing in Deep Turbulence via Metasurface Optics and Noise-Tolerant CNN

Adaptive optics are instrumental for laser applications in turbulent media but have limited performance in deep turbulence conditions. Here, we employ a birefringent metasurface optic that enables low-latency phase diversity wavefront sensing in a compact form factor, achieving a 16-fold increase in performance for Rytov numbers from 0.2 to 0.6.