Numerical simulations demonstrate that QAM ciphers show 30% shorter transmission distance than PSK codes, indicating increased penalties due to fiber nonlinearity.
We investigate penalties resulting from increased peak power in QAM Y-00 cipher. Numerical simulations reveal that QAM cipher has 30% shorter distance than PSK cipher and non-encrypted DP-QPSK by the encryption and nonlinear transmission penalties.
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MATSUMOTO et al. (2025) studied this question.
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