Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is typically conceptualized as a disturbance of self-experience. Recent dimensional shift in diagnosis validates the need for conceptual clarity and nuanced understanding of self-impairments. However, these impairments are often examined in isolation from relational contexts, resulting in overly static depictions. A phenomenological approach, focusing on lived experience, offers deeper insight into how self, others, and time interrelate in BPD. This study involved 24 hospitalized individuals with BPD (aged 18–29, 83.3% female) who were interviewed using a modified Life Story Interview. We employed a data-driven, inductive, phenomenological thematic analysis to explore the structure of BPD narrative identity. Two superordinate themes emerged as constituting the core of BPD narrative identity: self and the other. Self-experience is marked by identification with one’s harmful past, a sense of disconnected present identities, and anticipated unpredictability. Complementarily, the experience of others revolves around a felt sense of ever-present and anticipated hostility, the overintensity of intimacy, and the influence of others on one’s self-experience. This indicates that self- and other-experience are inherently linked, co-creating recurrent dynamics that hinder one’s development. Lived-experience data illuminate the close-cycled, past-devoted temporal dynamics of self and interpersonal functioning. BPD narrative identity appears paradoxically rigid in terms of its unchanging self- and other-processing patterns, even though its explicit manifestation seems highly changeable. This reveals a diminished capacity for self-transcendence and active self-modification, which may disclose mechanisms underlying symptom maintenance. Incorporating subjective accounts of self and interpersonal functioning may enhance the accuracy of diagnostic criteria and improve their clinical utility.
Sterna et al. (2025) studied this question.