Abstract Ketapang Regency are example of Indonesian region rich in natural and social resources. This area features diverse physical conditions, accessibility, biotic factors, social and cultural settings, and economic situations, varying across each region. One of the main resources from this province is oil palm. Oil palm is a leading and primary plantation product in this area. Oil palm plantations in this region include large-scale private plantations (PSB) and smallholder plantations (KR). The presence of PSB and KR has various economic, social, and environmental impacts. Thus, further study is necessary. Perseroan Terbatas Cahaya Nusa Gemilang (PT CNG) is one of company that has oil palm plantation in Ketapang regency, Randai Village Exactly. This research aims to examine the economic, social, and environmental impacts of PSB whom owned by PT CNG and KR on local communities and the surrounding natural environment in Randai Village. The research was conducted over nine months using various methods, including literature review, interviews, data overlay analysis, interpretation of Landsat images, and direct observation. The study found that PSB and KR have both positive and negative impacts across different aspects. Each area of impact—economic, social, and environmental yields specific outcomes influenced by cultural factors, demographic characteristics, and individual perceptions.
M B P Aji (2025) studied this question.