The Role of Trust in Promoting Therapeutic Adherence in Italy from 2014 to 2024

Trust in healthcare professionals is a crucial factor for the effective functioning of the healthcare system and the improvement of health outcomes, particularly influencing patients' therapeutic adherence. This study examines the evolution of trust in healthcare providers and its impact on therapeutic adherence between 2014 and 2024, analyzing data from official sources, surveys, and published studies. The findings show that trust in healthcare professionals in Italy remained relatively stable, ranging between 55% and 60%, but experienced significant fluctuations, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic adherence, on the other hand, showed a general improvement—particularly in cardiovascular diseases—yet remains critical in certain conditions such as diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. The positive correlation between trust and therapeutic adherence highlights that patients with a stronger trust-based relationship with their physicians are more likely to follow medical recommendations. Factors influencing adherence include age, educational level, and geographic location, with marked differences between Northern and Southern Italy. Enhancing physician–patient communication, the use of telemedicine, and the implementation of health education programs are identified as strategic interventions to strengthen trust and improve adherence. The results emphasize the need for targeted health policies that promote a long-term trustful relationship between patients and healthcare professionals, in order to improve the effectiveness of the healthcare system and overall health outcomes.