Access to Services Within the Entrusted Budgets in Primary Healthcare in Poland from 2022 to 2025

Background: Entrusted budgets were introduced as part of the primary healthcare (PHC) system in Poland in July 2022. This initiative aimed to increase the role of PHC and enhance the accessibility of diagnostic services and specialist consultations/advice for patients. Methods: Data from the National Health Fund (NHF) databases regarding contracts between the NHF and healthcare providers in the field of PHC from 2022 to 2025 were analyzed. The share of contracts with entrusted budgets in the total number of PHC physician contracts was estimated in individual voivodships, as well as in counties, using the example of the Małopolskie Voivodship. It was assessed whether there were significant differences between voivodships and counties as well as the pace of implementation of the new solution. Results: Only 43.1% of PHC physicians have signed contracts with the NHF for coordinated care services for 2025, with this percentage varying significantly between voivodships, ranging from 24.8% in Opolskie Voivodship to 66.3% in Lubelskie Voivodship (p < 0.0001). For the vast majority of voivodships, no statistically significant increase in the share of service providers was demonstrated in the period from 2022 to 2025. Access to services between counties is also highly varied (from 10.0% to 76.5%), although the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.217). Conclusions: The results indicate regional and local inequalities in access to services. It is necessary to implement incentive mechanisms within the contracting of health services between the NHF and providers that will ensure equal access to PHC services within entrusted budgets for all patients. The range of available services should be equal regardless of at which PHC facility a patient is registered. The current regulations concerning entrusted budgets, including the voluntary involvement of service providers, are not sufficient.