A Comprehensive Review on Schiff Bases: Development Process, Green Synthetic Strategies, and Versatile Applications

Schiff bases are essential organic compounds that possess a wide range of synthetic and application potential due to their structural diversity and ability to be modified with various functional groups. In this chapter, the historical development of Schiff bases is first outlined, followed by an in-depth examination of environmentally friendly synthetic approaches—including microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, and sonochemical methods—developed in line with the principles of green chemistry. Furthermore, recent advancements in the diverse applications of Schiff bases are comprehensively reviewed, encompassing areas such as biomedicine, analytical chemistry, photophysical applications, and materials science. Given their sustainable synthesis strategies and expanding range of uses, the versatile and strategic importance of Schiff bases in contemporary scientific research is clearly emphasized.