Understanding Rabbit Syndrome: Clinical Insights, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, and Management Strategies: A Mini-Review

A bstract Rabbit syndrome (RS) is a rare extrapyramidal side effect of long-term neuroleptic use, marked by rhythmic, fine rhythmic movements of the perioral muscles resembling a rabbit’s chewing. Its subtle presentation often leads to misdiagnosis, confusing it with other movement disorders. It has a rare incidence in long-term neuroleptic therapy and is more common with higher doses and extended use. It shows distinctive perioral movements without tongue involvement, unlike tardive dyskinesia. Precise diagnosis is vital to distinguish rabbit syndrome from other movement disorders. Treatment typically involves reducing or stopping the dosage of neuroleptic agent, sometimes with anticholinergic medications. For this mini-review, relevant literature was identified through searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on studies describing clinical features, pathophysiological mechanisms, and management approaches. This article presents an in-depth clinical review of rabbit syndrome, covering its prevalence, symptoms, risk factors, differential diagnoses, and treatment options.