Comparison of Ocular Biometry and Refraction in Children with Spontaneously Regressed ROP and those Treated with Laser or Anti-VEGF

Objective: To compare refractive error and ocular biometry in children with spontaneously regressed ROP and those treated with laser or anti-VEGF. Methods: Purposive sampling was used. Three groups ROP regressed spontaneously (Group1), treated with laser (Group 2) and anti-VEGF injections (Group 3) were made. Axial length (AL), Keratometry (K1 and K2), Anterior chamber depth (ACD), Spherical equivalent (SE), Lens thickness (LT), Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), Posterior segment length (PSL) Anterior segment to posterior segment Ratio (ASL/PSL) and refractive error status were measured and compared. Results : 85 cases were included. Visual acuity (VA) was better in Group 3 (mean of 0.67 ± 0.38). Mean AL was less in Group 2 (20.60 ± 0.93 mm) compared to Group 1 (21.41 ± 1.38 mm) and 3 (21.76 ± 0.98 mm). Mean SE was greater in Group 2 ( -3.13 ± 1.63 D) as compared to Group 1 (-1.85 ± 2.05 D). Group 2 showed significantly thickened lens with a mean of 4.26 ± 0.37 mm. Mean ACD observed 3.00 ± 0.26mm which was comparatively deeper in the patients in the Group 3. Mean PSL of 13.48 ± 1.00 mm in Group 2 was shorter than other two groups. Number of high myopes was more in the Group 2. Conclusion : Spontaneously regressed ROP showed best results in terms of visual acuity and biometric parameters. Both anti-VEGF and laser are viable options for treatment of ROP. But anti-VEGF’s cause less treatment-related retinal damage and show quicker remission of active ROP and plus disease resulting in better visual outcomes.