Performance evaluation of Fk-meansRA with LEACH variants in WSNs

This work evaluatesFK-meansRA against abroader set of LEACH variants, including LEACH-C, MOD-LEACH, LEACH-B, MULTIHOP-LEACH, and I-LEACH,with a focus on metrics such as average residual energy, number of alive nodes, and throughput. The paper focuses oncomparative performance benchmarking across these popular LEACH variants, providing a rigorous validation of FK-meansRA efficiency. In this paper, we extend our prior study on the performance of the proposed algorithm, FK-meansRA, against famous protocols, such as LEACH, etc. Comparative analysis with LEACH variants ensures a fair, relevant, and focused performance assessment of clusteringhierarchical protocols in contrast to chain-based or flatrouting protocols like PEGASIS or HEED. The simulationresults demonstrate that the fuzzy logic-based modeloutperforms these protocols in terms of network stability and resource utilization.FK-meansRA has nearly 450 nodes alive after the end of 1250 rounds, 200% energy more left than multihop LEACH, and a 13.6% throughput improvementover multihop LEACH.