Custom-Made Titanium Implants for Mandibular Reconstruction

Mandibular defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, or congenital anomalies present significant challenges in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Conventional methods such as autogenous bone grafts and standard titanium plates have limitations, including donor site morbidity and suboptimal functional outcomes. Advances in additive manufacturing, particularly 3D printing technologies like Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), have enabled the fabrication of patient-specific titanium implants. These implants offer precise anatomical fit, improved aesthetic and functional outcomes, and reduced surgical time. Despite their advantages, challenges such as cost, long-term durability, and regulatory compliance persist. This review discusses the advancements, fabrication processes, clinical applications, and future perspectives of custom-made titanium implants in mandibular reconstruction.