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This is a Literature Review study.

Integrated Insights into Papaya Damping-Off Caused by Fusarium oxysporum: Prevalence and In-Vitro Management Strategies in Sindh Province

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This review uncovers the prevalence of damping-off in papaya and evaluates integrated management strategies, highlighting antifungal potentials.

Fusarium oxysporum significantly impacts papaya seedlings, leading to severe stand losses in nurseries.
Prevalence of damping-off in Sindh is intensified by high moisture and poor sanitation, complicating control efforts.
In-vitro management strategies including fungicides and biocontrol agents show promise for controlling F. oxysporum.
Integrating cultural practices with safe fungicides and botanical extracts may enhance papaya production sustainability.

Koondhar et al. (2025) studied this question.

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This review uncovers the prevalence of damping-off in papaya and evaluates integrated management strategies, highlighting antifungal potentials.