Hydrogeoseismological variations in groundwater parameters in the bukhara region and their correlation with seismic activity

Bukhara Region, one of the seismically active areas of Uzbekistan, is classified as a high seismic risk zone. Pre-seismic variations in groundwater levels and their chemical composition are often considered indicators of the onset or preparatory phase of seismic activity. The earthquake of magnitude M=4.2 that occurred on January 14, 2025, in the Karakul district of the Bukhara Region, followed by another event of magnitude M=4.0 on January 23, 2025, in the nearby area, prompted an analysis of groundwater parameter anomalies observed in this region. This study analyzes variations in groundwater parameters prior to these earthquakes, based on hydrogeoseismological data obtained from a deep borehole in the Bukhara Region. Identifying correlations between hydrogeoseismological anomalies and seismic events allows for associating seismicity with changes in groundwater gas composition, geochemical processes, and other physical parameters.