Reading the Pulse of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Implications of Different Interrogation Methods

Electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors rely on a change in electron transfer to transduce aptamer–target binding into a measurable signal. Depending on the chosen electroanalytical technique, the sensitivity of the method to changes in electron transfer differs and ultimately yields variations in the analytical performance of the sensor. Herein, we provide an overview of how to use different electroanalytical techniques to interrogate electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors and their abilities to resolve changes in electron transfer. In doing so, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the techniques and give perspectives on what the future holds for the electrochemical characterization of such biosensors to accelerate their translation to solve real-world problems.