September 19, 2025Geospatial healthOpen Access

Spatial analysis of congenital heart disease in São Paulo State, Brazil 2012-2022: associations with air pollution, maternal factors and social vulnerability

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Exposure to PM2.5 significantly increases the risk of congenital heart disease, with a relative risk of 1.022.
Advanced maternal age and inadequate prenatal care are also strongly linked to higher risks of congenital heart disease, showing relative risks of 1.649 and 1.112, respectively.
Areas of medium and high social vulnerability had lower relative risks for congenital heart disease compared to low vulnerability areas, with relative risks of 0.757 and 0.643.
Spatial analysis indicated persistently high risks in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, underscoring the need for public health interventions.

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Implication

Observational analysis shows increased congenital heart disease risk linked to PM2.5 and maternal factors in São Paulo, indicating social vulnerability affects health outcomes.

Cite This Study

Bezerra et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68d46fbd31b076d99fa69664 https://doi.org/10.4081/gh.2025.1407

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Implication

Observational analysis shows increased congenital heart disease risk linked to PM2.5 and maternal factors in São Paulo, indicating social vulnerability affects health outcomes.

Spatial analysis of congenital heart disease in São Paulo State, Brazil 2012-2022: associations with air pollution, maternal factors and social vulnerability

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Implication

Cite This Study

Spatial analysis of congenital heart disease in São Paulo State, Brazil 2012-2022: associations with air pollution, maternal factors and social vulnerability

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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