This evaluation identifies resistance levels in durum wheat landrace accessions to stem rust, suggesting genetic diversity is crucial for breeding efforts.
Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum [Desf.]) Husn is a significant global food cereal. The stem rust caused by P. graminis f.sp. tritici can result in a yield loss of up to 100%. This study aimed to identify seedling-stage resistance of durum wheat landrace accessions to prevailing races (TTKSK, TKTTF, TRTTF, and JRCQC) of the pathogen and evaluate their performance under field conditions. A total of 34 landrace accessions were tested under controlled greenhouse and field conditions. Seedlings were inoculated at the Ambo Agricultural Research Center and assessed using the 0–4 scale. Selected accessions were further evaluated in the field at a hotspot location during the main growing season. Seedling evaluation results showed variability in genotype responses for the prevailing races. Fourteen and landrace accessions (TD7226, TD7227, TD7365, TD8489, TD3750, TD3751, TD3762, TD3764, TD8217, TD8218, TD8777, TD6309, TD6984, and TD8507) exhibited resistance (IT of 2 or below) types of infections to all four races. Some accessions displayed a vulnerable response with a score of 3 to 3. A highly significant (p < 0.001) correlation was observed between disease, plant parameters, and yield. Based on the field FRS (<30s), CI (<20), and AUDPC (30%) of the check variety, accessions TD3750, TD751, TD5917, and TD8778 exhibited high partial resistance. Identifying and using these landrace accessions can be beneficial in the development of durable resistance breeding strategies for novel resistant wheat varieties. However, the effectiveness of this landrace requires further molecular investigation to identify the resistance source.
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Melkie et al. (2025) studied this question.
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